使用 kubeadm 搭建 v1.15.3 版本 Kubernetes 集群

使用 kubeadm 搭建 v1.15.3 版本 Kubernetes 集群

标签: kubeadm   kubernetes   coredns   ipvs   calico  

以前文章和视频中都是使用的 Kubeadm 搭建的 Kubernetes 集群,但是版本比较低了(1.10.0 版本),近期有不少反馈让更新下版本,本文将通过 Kubeadm 来搭建最新版本的 Kubernetes 1.15.3 集群,其实和以前搭建的方式方法基本一致,我们这里准备使用 calico 网络插件以及 ipvs 模式的 kube-proxy。

环境准备

3 个节点,都是 Centos 7.6 系统,内核版本:3.10.0-957.12.2.el7.x86_64,在每个节点上添加 hosts 信息:

$ cat /etc/hosts
10.151.30.11 ydzs-master
10.151.30.22 ydzs-node1
10.151.30.23 ydzs-node2

禁用防火墙:

$ systemctl stop firewalld
$ systemctl disable firewalld

禁用 SELINUX:

$ setenforce 0
$ cat /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

创建/etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf文件,添加如下内容:

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

执行如下命令使修改生效:

$ modprobe br_netfilter
$ sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

安装 ipvs

$ cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF
$ chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4

上面脚本创建了的/etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules文件,保证在节点重启后能自动加载所需模块。使用lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4命令查看是否已经正确加载所需的内核模块。

接下来还需要确保各个节点上已经安装了 ipset 软件包:

$ yum install ipset

为了便于查看 ipvs 的代理规则,最好安装一下管理工具 ipvsadm:

$ yum install ipvsadm

同步服务器时间

$ yum install chrony -y
$ systemctl enable chronyd
$ systemctl start chronyd
$ chronyc sources
210 Number of sources = 4
MS Name/IP address         Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample
===============================================================================
^+ sv1.ggsrv.de                  2   6    17    32   -823us[-1128us] +/-   98ms
^- montreal.ca.logiplex.net      2   6    17    32    -17ms[  -17ms] +/-  179ms
^- ntp6.flashdance.cx            2   6    17    32    -32ms[  -32ms] +/-  161ms
^* 119.28.183.184                2   6    33    32   +661us[ +357us] +/-   38ms
$ date
Tue Aug 27 09:28:41 CST 2019

关闭 swap 分区:

$ swapoff -a

修改/etc/fstab文件,注释掉 SWAP 的自动挂载,使用free -m确认 swap 已经关闭。swappiness 参数调整,修改/etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf添加下面一行:

vm.swappiness=0

执行sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf使修改生效。

接下来可以安装 Docker

$ yum install -y yum-utils \
  device-mapper-persistent-data \
  lvm2
$ yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
$ yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
 * updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Installed Packages
 * extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
 * epel: mirrors.yun-idc.com
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.1-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.0-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.8-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
......
docker-ce.x86_64            18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
......
 * base: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
Available Packages

可以选择安装一个版本,比如我们这里安装最新版本:

$ yum install docker-ce-19.03.1-3.el7

配置 Docker 镜像加速器

$ vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "registry-mirrors" : [
    "https://ot2k4d59.mirror.aliyuncs.com/"
  ]
}

启动 Docker

$ systemctl start docker
$ systemctl enable docker

在确保 Docker 安装完成后,上面的相关环境配置也完成了,现在我们就可以来安装 Kubeadm 了,我们这里是通过指定 yum 源的方式来进行安装的:

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
        https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

当然了,上面的 yum 源是需要科学上网的,如果不能科学上网的话,我们可以使用阿里云的源进行安装:

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
        http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

然后安装 kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl:

$ yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes
$ kubeadm version
kubeadm version: &version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"15", GitVersion:"v1.15.3", GitCommit:"2d3c76f9091b6bec110a5e63777c332469e0cba2", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2019-08-19T11:11:18Z", GoVersion:"go1.12.9", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

可以看到我们这里安装的是 v1.15.3 版本,然后将 kubelet 设置成开机启动:

$ systemctl enable kubelet.service

到这里为止上面所有的操作都需要在所有节点执行配置。

初始化集群

然后接下来在 master 节点配置 kubeadm 初始化文件,可以通过如下命令导出默认的初始化配置:

$ kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.yaml

然后根据我们自己的需求修改配置,比如修改 imageRepository 的值,kube-proxy 的模式为 ipvs,另外需要注意的是我们这里是准备安装 calico 网络插件的,需要将 networking.podSubnet 设置为192.168.0.0/16

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
bootstrapTokens:
  - groups:
      - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
    token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
    ttl: 24h0m0s
    usages:
      - signing
      - authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 10.151.30.11 # apiserver 节点内网IP
  bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
  name: ydzs-master
  taints:
    - effect: NoSchedule
      key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
---
apiServer:
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns:
  type: CoreDNS # dns类型
etcd:
  local:
    dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: gcr.azk8s.cn/google_containers
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.15.3 # k8s版本
networking:
  dnsDomain: cluster.local
  podSubnet: 192.168.0.0/16
  serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
scheduler: {}
---
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs # kube-proxy 模式

然后使用上面的配置文件进行初始化:

$ kubeadm init --config kubeadm.yaml
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.15.3
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
	[WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 19.03.1. Latest validated version: 18.09
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Activating the kubelet service
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [ydzs-master localhost] and IPs [10.151.30.11 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [ydzs-master localhost] and IPs [10.151.30.11 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [ydzs-master kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 10.151.30.11]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[kubelet-check] Initial timeout of 40s passed.
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 42.012149 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.15" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node ydzs-master as control-plane by adding the label "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''"
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node ydzs-master as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 10.151.30.11:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:deb5158b39948a4592ff48512047ea6e45b288c248872724a28f15008962178b

可以看到最新验证的 docker 版本是 18.09,虽然是一个 warning,所以最好还是安装 18.09 版本的 docker。

拷贝 kubeconfig 文件

$ mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
$ sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
$ sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

添加节点

记住初始化集群上面的配置和操作要提前做好,将 master 节点上面的 $HOME/.kube/config 文件拷贝到 node 节点对应的文件中,安装 kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl,然后执行上面初始化完成后提示的 join 命令即可:

$ kubeadm join 10.151.30.11:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:deb5158b39948a4592ff48512047ea6e45b288c248872724a28f15008962178b
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -oyaml'
[kubelet-start] Downloading configuration for the kubelet from the "kubelet-config-1.15" ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Activating the kubelet service
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

如果忘记了上面的 join 命令可以使用命令kubeadm token create --print-join-command重新获取。

执行成功后运行 get nodes 命令:

$ kubectl get nodes
NAME          STATUS     ROLES    AGE    VERSION
ydzs-master   NotReady      master   39m    v1.15.3
ydzs-node1    NotReady   <none>   106s   v1.15.3

可以看到是 NotReady 状态,这是因为还没有安装网络插件,接下来安装网络插件,可以在文档 https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/create-cluster-kubeadm/ 中选择我们自己的网络插件,这里我们安装 calio:

$ wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.8/manifests/calico.yaml
# 因为有节点是多网卡,所以需要在资源清单文件中指定内网网卡
$ vi calico.yaml
......
spec:
  containers:
  - env:
    - name: DATASTORE_TYPE
      value: kubernetes
    - name: IP_AUTODETECTION_METHOD  # DaemonSet中添加该环境变量
      value: interface=eth0    # 指定内网网卡
    - name: WAIT_FOR_DATASTORE
      value: "true"
......
$ kubectl apply -f calico.yaml  # 安装calico网络插件

隔一会儿查看 Pod 运行状态:

$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
calico-kube-controllers-65b8787765-svztx   1/1     Running   0          82s
calico-node-gmng9                          1/1     Running   0          82s
calico-node-t695p                          1/1     Running   0          82s
coredns-cf8fb6d7f-jsq5h                    1/1     Running   0          42m
coredns-cf8fb6d7f-vxz4c                    1/1     Running   0          42m
etcd-ydzs-master                           1/1     Running   0          41m
kube-apiserver-ydzs-master                 1/1     Running   0          41m
kube-controller-manager-ydzs-master        1/1     Running   0          41m
kube-proxy-4z4vf                           1/1     Running   0          42m
kube-proxy-qk57t                           1/1     Running   0          5m11s
kube-scheduler-ydzs-master                 1/1     Running   0          41m

网络插件运行成功了,node 状态也正常了:

kubectl get nodes
NAME          STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
ydzs-master   Ready    master   3h25m   v1.15.3
ydzs-node1    Ready    <none>   168m    v1.15.3

用同样的方法添加另外一个节点即可。

安装 Dashboard

$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v1.10.1/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
$ vi kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
# 修改镜像名称
......
containers:
- args:
  - --auto-generate-certificates
  image: gcr.azk8s.cn/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
  imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
......
# 修改Service为NodePort类型
......
selector:
  k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
type: NodePort
......

直接创建:

$ kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system -l k8s-app=kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                                  READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kubernetes-dashboard-fcfb4cbc-t462n   1/1     Running   0          50m
$ kubectl get svc -n kube-system -l k8s-app=kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                   TYPE       CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
kubernetes-dashboard   NodePort   10.110.172.49   <none>        443:32497/TCP   55m

然后可以通过上面的 32497 端口去访问 Dashboard,要记住使用 https,Chrome 不生效可以使用 Firefox 测试:

k8s dashboard login

然后创建一个具有全局所有权限的用户来登录 Dashboard:(admin.yaml)

kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: admin
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: admin
    namespace: kube-system

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile

直接创建:

$ kubectl apply -f admin.yaml
$ kubectl get secret -n kube-system|grep admin-token
admin-token-d5jsg                  kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3         1d
$ kubectl get secret admin-token-d5jsg -o jsonpath={.data.token} -n kube-system |base64 -d# 会生成一串很长的base64后的字符串

然后用上面的 base64 解码后的字符串作为 token 登录 Dashboard 即可: k8s dashboard

最终我们就完成了使用 kubeadm 搭建 v1.15.3 版本的 kubernetes 集群、coredns、ipvs、calico。

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